“Science and Technology Indicators” is a basic resource for understanding Japanese science and technology activities based on objective, quantitative data. It classifies science and technology activities into five categories, R&D Expenditure, R&D Personnel, Higher Education, The Output of R&D; and Science, Technology, and Innovation. The multiple relevant indicators show the state of Japanese science and technology activities. The chapter on Science, Technology, and Innovation has been enhanced with the addition of indicators such as comparison of the results of surveys of business innovation in Japan and the USA and the number of trademark applications in major countries.
Science and Technology Indicators 2011 sees a number of changes in indicators compared with the previous year. In Japan, total research and development expenditure during FY 2009 was down 8.3 percent from the previous year. Patent applications, technology trade, and high-technology industry trade also declined. Patent applications and high-technology industry trade fell not just in Japan, but in most other major countries as well. These indicator trends are likely a result of the worldwide financial crisis that began with the “Lehman Brothers shock” in 2008.
Japanese Science and Technology Indicators 2011[RESEARCH MATERIAL No.214](Japanese)