APPENDIX

STATISTICAL TABLES

Reference Statistic

A

Trends in Population in Selected Countries

B

Trends in Labor Population in Selected Countries

C

Trends in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Selected Countries

D

Trends in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Deflator

E

Purchasing Power Parity in Selected Countries

Chapter 1 Overview of Science and Technology Activities in Japan

Table 1-1

Trends in Competitiveness According to "The World Competitiveness Year Book" in Selected Countries

Table 1-2

Trends in General Indicators of Science and Technology (GIST) in Selected Countries

Table 1-3

Trends in General Indicators of Science and Technology (GIST) per GDP in Selected Countries

Table 1-4

Variables for General Indicators of Science and Technology (GIST)

Chapter 2 Education and Human Resources Development for Science and Technology

Table 2-1-1

International Comparison of Relationship Between Students' Attitude Towards Mathematics and Scores(2nd Year Junior High School)

Table 2-1-2

International Comparison of Students' Attitude Towards Science (2nd Year Junior High School)

Table 2-1-3

Ranking of the Average Validity According to the Question Type

Table 2-1-4

Ranking of the Attitude Towards Science (Ration of the Student Who Like Science)(2nd Year Junior High School)

Table 2-1-5

Student skills Required for Success in Mathematics (2nd Year Junior High School)

Table 2-2-1

Students Advancing to Senior High School

Table 2-2-2

Ratio of Senior High School Students in Industrial Courses

Table 2-2-3

Ratio of Senior High School Students in Information Science Courses among Industrial and Commercial Courses

Table 2-2-4

Employment/ Academic Paths of Senior High School Graduates (All Courses)

Table 2-2-5

Employment/ Academic Paths of Senior High School Graduates (General Courses)

Table 2-2-6

Employment/ Academic Paths of Senior High School Graduates (Industrial Courses)

Table 2-3-1

Applicants and Enrollees in Undergraduate Courses by Department

Table 2-3-2

Admission Competitiveness and Applicants Ratio of Undergraduate Courses by Department

Table 2-3-3

Applicants Ratio of Undergraduate Courses by Department and the Economic Growth Rate

Table 2-3-4

18-Year- Old Population and Students Advancing to Undergraduate Courses

Table 2-3-5

Enrollment in Undergraduate Courses by Department

Table 2-3-6

Female Enrollment in Undergraduate Courses by Department

Table 2-3-7

Employment/ Academic Paths of Science and Engineering Graduates

Table 2-4-1

Enrollment in Master's Courses

Table 2-4-2

(A)Enrollment in Doctorate Courses

(B)Enrollment in Doctorate Courses (Ratio)

Table 2-4-3

Advancement Rate to Graduate School

Table 2-4-4

Employment/ Academic Paths of Science and Engineering Master's Graduates

Table 2-4-5

Employment/ Academic Paths of Science and Engineering Doctorate Course Graduates

Table 2-5-1

Number of Doctorate Conferred

Table 2-5-2

Number of Doctorate Conferred (International Comparison)

Chapter 3 R&D Systems and the Public Sector

Table 3-1-1

Trends in Gross Domestic R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-2

Trends in Ratio of Gross Domestic R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-3

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-4

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers per 10,000 Population in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-5

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers per Labor Population in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-6

Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers by Sector in Selected Countries (per 10,000 Population and per 1000 Labor Population)

Table 3-1-7

Ratio of R&D Expenditures' Sources and Performers by Sector in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-8

R&D Expenditure Flow in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-9

Trends in R&D Expenditures and Ratio by Performing Sector in Selected Countries

Table 3-1-10

Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers by Sector in Selected Countries

Table 3-2-1

Trends in R&D Expenditures per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Selected Countries

Table 3-2-2

Trends in R&D Expenditures per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Japan

Table 3-2-3

Trends in R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries by Characteristic of Work

Table 3-2-4

Trends in Basic Research Expenditure by Sector in Selected Countries

Table 3-2-5

Number of R&D Scientists/ Engineers by Specialty and by Sector in Japan (1999)

Table 3-2-6

Number of Research Support Workers per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Selected Countries

Table 3-2-7

Trends in Number of Research Support Workers per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Japan

Table 3-2-8

Trends in Number of Researchers Supported by Plan for 10 Thousands Post-Doctoral Researchers

Table 3-3-1

Trends in Ratio of R&D Expenditure Source by Government in Selected Countries

Table 3-3-2

Trends in the Breakdown of Governmental R&D Expenditures in Selected Countries

Table 3-3-3

Trends in Governmental Science Technology Budget in Selected Countries

Table 3-3-4

Trends in Governmental Science & Technology Budget for Civil in Selected Countries

Table 3-3-5

Trends in Ratio of Governmental Science & Technology Budget to GDP in Selected Countries

Table 3-3-6

Trends in Growth Rates of Governmental Science and Technology Budget in Japan

Table 3-3-7

Trends in the S&T Budget in the S&T Basic Plan in Japan

Table 3-3-8

Breakdown of governmental Science & Technology Budget in Japan (1999)

Table 3-3-9

Trends in Science and Technology Budget by Government Ministry/ Agency

Table 3-3-10

Science & Technology Budget f Government Ministries/ Agencies and Local Government (1997)

Table 3-3-11

Science & Technology budget by Socioeconomic Purpose

Table 3-4-1

Trends in Science and Technology Related Foundation Establishment

Table 3-4-2

Trends in Number of Grant-Making Foundations and Size of Assets (1998)

Table 3-4-3

Size of Grant Programs and Grant Spending of Grant-making Foundations in Japan (1998)

Table 3-4-4

Size of Grant Programs and Grant Spending of Grant-Making Foundations in U.S. (1997)

Table 3-4-5

Types of Grant Programs in Science and Technology Field (1998)

Table 3-4-6

Japan's large Foundations Proposing S&T Field of Grant Programs

Table 3-4-7

Number of Programs and Total Spending by Types and Fields (U.S. 1997)

Table 3-4-8

America's Large Foundations Proposing S&T Fields of Grant Programs

Table 3-4-9

Number of Programs and Total Spending by Types and Fields (Europe 1996)

Table 3-5-1

Trends in Use of R&D Expenditures in Government Research Institutes in Selected Countries

Table 3-5-2

Trends in Use of R&D Expenditures in Government Research Institutes in Japan

Table 3-5-3

Trends in R&D Expenditures per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Research Institute in Japan

Table 3-5-4

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists/ Engineers in Government Research Institutes in Selected Countries

Table 3-5-5

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists/ Engineers in Government Research Institutes in Japan

Table 3-5-6

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists/ Engineers in Government Research Institutes by Specialty in Japan

Chapter 4 R&D In Universities

Table 4-1-1

Trends in R&D Expenditures in Universities/ Colleges in Selected Countries

Table 4-1-2

Trends in Use of R&D Expenditures in Universities/ Colleges in Japan

Table 4-1-3

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers in Universities/ Colleges in Selected Countries

Table 4-1-4

Breakdown of R&D Scientists and Engineers in Universities/ Colleges in Japan (1999)

Table 4-1-5

Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers in Universities/ Colleges: Japan and U.S.

Table 4-2-1

Trends in Internal Expenditure on R&D in Universities/ Colleges by Source

Table 4-2-2

Trends in Breakdown of R&D Funds Paid Outside in Japan

Table 4-2-3

Trends in R&D Expenditure Received from Industry in Universities/ Colleges in Japan

Table 4-2-4

Trends in R&D Expenditure by Items in Universities/ Colleges

Table 4-2-5

Trends in R&D Expenditure by Field of Science in Universities/ Colleges

Table 4-2-6

Trends in R&D Expenditure per R&D Scientist and Engineers

(A)R&D Expenditure

(B)R&D Expenditure without Labor Cost

Table 4-2-7

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists and Engineers by Specialty

Table 4-2-8

Breakdown of Number of University/ College Regular Faculty by Academic Background and Specialty (1998)

Table 4-2-9

Trends in Number of Research Support Workers per R&D Scientist/ Engineer in Universities/ Colleges

Chapter 5 R&D Industry

Table 5-1-1

Trends in Industrial R&D Expenditure in Selected Countries

Table 5-1-2

Trends in Number of R&D Scientist/ Engineers in Industry in Selected Countries

Table 5-1-3

Major Industrial R&D Expenditure in Selected Countries (1996)

Table 5-2-1

Trends in Industrial R&D Expenditure in Japan

Table 5-2-2

Trends in Breakdown of Industrial R&D Expenditure by Items

Table 5-2-3

Trends in Industrial R&D Expenditure by characteristics in Japan

Table 5-2-4

Trends in R&D Funds Paid by Industry in Japan

Table 5-2-5

Trends in Number of R&D Scientists/ Engineers in Industry by Specialty in Japan

Table 5-3-1

Trends in R&D Intensity

Table 5-3-2

R&D Intensity by Industrial Category (1998)

Table 5-3-3

Trends in R&D Expenditure by Product Fields

Table 5-3-4

Major Industrial R&D Expenditure by Product Field

Table 5-3-5

R&D Expenditure Factor Analysis Result by Product Field

(A)Factor Loadings

(B)Factor Score

Chapter 6 R&D Achievements

Table 6-1-1

Number of Published Scientific Papers by Country: Top 25 Countries (1994-1998)

Table 6-1-2

Change in Number of Published Scientific Papers by Selected Countries/ Regions (natural Science and Engineering)

Table 6-1-3

Trends in Number and Share of Published Scientific Papers 'natural Science and Engineering)

Table 6-1-4

Trends in Cited Count share and share of Published Scientific Papers in Selected Countries (Natural Science and Engineering)

Table 6-1-5

Trends in RCI of Scientific Papers in Selected Countries

Table 6-1-6

Table 6-1-7

Trends in RCA (Relative Comparative Advantage) of Scientific Papers by Academic field in Japan and U.S.

Table 6-2-1

Trends in Number of Patent Applications in the World

Table 6-2-2

Trends in Number of Patent in Japan

Table 6-2-3

Trends in Number of Domestic and Foreign Patent Applications in Selected Countries

Table 6-2-4

Number of applications to Foreign Countries from Japan and U.S. (1996)

Table 6-2-5

Number of Patents by Nationality of Inventor in Japan, U.S., and EU (1996)

Table 6-2-6

Number of Patent Applications by Sector in Japan, U.S., and EU

Table 6-2-7

Trends in Number of U.S. Patents Granted by Selected Countries

Table 6-2-8

Trends in Relative Citation Impact of U.S. Patents

Table 6-2-9

Number of U.S. Patents by International patent Classification (Japan, U.S., and Total; 1998)

Table 6-2-10

Trends in the Science Linkage in Selected Countries

Table 6-2-11

Trends in the Science Linkage by 6 Major Fields

Table 6-3-1

Trends in Technology Trade in Selected Countries

Table 6-3-2

All Trades and Technology Trade in Selected Countries

Table 6-3-3

Trends in Technology Export and Import in Japan (All Industries)

Table 6-3-4

Technology Trade by Major Industries in Japan (1998)

Table 6-3-5

Trends in Japan's Technology Trade Balance

Table 6-3-6

Trends in Japan's Technology Exports by Major Industry

Table 6-3-7

Trends in Japan's Technology Imports by Major Industry

Table 6-3-8

Breakdown of Japan's Technology Exports by Region and Major Industry (1998)

Table 6-3-9

Trends in Japan's Technology Exports by Region

Table 6-3-10

Breakdown of Japan's Technology Imports by Region and Major Industry (1998)

Table 6-3-11

Trends in Japan's Technology Imports by Region

Table 6-3-12

Trends in the Number of Overseas Technology Import Contracts

Table 6-3-13

Trends in Breakdown of Overseas Technology Import Contracts by Technological Field

Table 6-3-14

Trends in Number of Software Import Contracts Relative to Total Technology Introduction Contracts

Table 6-3-15

Trends in Japan's Technology Trade (1998)

Chapter 7 Social Contribution of Science and Technology

Table 7-1-1

International Comparison of Value-Added Labor Productivity

Table 7-1-2

Trends in Value-Added Labor Productivity Index in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-3

Annual Average Growth Rate of Value-Added Labor Productivity

Table 7-1-4

Total Employees in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-5

Trends in Employment Rate in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-6

Growth Rate of Value-Added Labor Productivity

Table 7-1-7

International Comparison of Real GDP in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-8

International Comparison of Real GDP Annual Average Growth Rate in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-9

Trends in Total Factor Productivity Index in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-10

Growth Rate of Total Factor Productivity Index in Selected Countries

Table 7-1-11

Actual Number of Real GDP per Capita

Table 7-2-1

The Number of Item Registered of JICFS[Offering Data]

Table 7-2-2

JICFS Shunting History[Offering Data]

Table 7-2-3

The Number of Item Registered of JICFS[Estimation Data]

Table 7-2-4

The Percentage of Number of Registration to JICFS[Estimation Data]

Table 7-2-5

The Number of New Registration to JICFS

Table 7-2-6

Average Product Life of JICFS[Simplify Estimation Data]

Table 7-2-7

JICFS Classification Table (Divisions, Major Groups)

Table 7-3-1

(A)Trends in Computing Price Relative to Speed

(B)Trends in Unit Price of Shipment of Personal Computer Main Frame in Japan

Table 7-3-2

Trends in Real Gross Domestic Output of the Info-Communications Industry

Table 7-3-3

Rate of Increase in the Number of New Companies by Industry

Table 7-3-4

Breakdown of Spending and Total Household Spending on Info-Communications

Table 7-3-5

Trends in Handy Phone Subscribers

Table 7-3-6

Time Required to Reach 10% Penetration Rate in Japan by Media

Table 7-3-7

Penetration Rates of Info-Communications equipment and Services in Japan and the U.S.

Table 7-3-8

Growth of Internet

Table 7-3-9

Number of Internet Host Computers Worldwide

(A)Number of Internet Host Computers Worldwide

(B)Number of Internet Host Computers by Country (as of January 1999)

Table 7-3-10

Trends in Number of JP Domain Names

Table 7-3-11

Number of Reports of Computer Virus Infection

Table 7-3-12

Number of Hackery Reported to JPCERT/CC

Table 7-3-13

Internet Users in Japan and the U.S. by Age Group (winter of 1998)

Table 7-3-14

Number of Schools Fit Out with Computers

Table 7-3-15

Reality of Teachers Instruct in Computer

Table 7-4-1

NIH Technology Transfer Activities FY 1993-FY 1999

Table 7-4-2

Trends in Life Science Research Expenses by Subject

Table 7-4-3

Trends in Life Science Research by Object

Table 7-4-4

Trends in Genetic Recombination Research Expenses by Subject

Table 7-4-5

Trends in Number of Patent Application in Biogenetics in Japan

Table 7-4-6

Number of Patent Applications in Biogenetics by Country (Published Applications from 1971 to August 1998)

Table 7-4-7

(A)Number of Major Patent Applicants in Biogenetics

(B)Ratio of major patent Applications in Biogenetics

Table 7-4-8

(A)Major Patent Applicants in Biogenetics by Industry and Number of the Utilization Fields

(B)Major Patent Applicants in Biogenetics by Industry and Ratio of the Utilization Fields

Table 7-4-9

Number of Patent Rights in Major Biogenetics Fields

Table 7-4-10

Trends in Number of Applications of Gene Treatment

Table 7-4-11

Confirmed Recombinant DNA Crop Pants in Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and the Food Industry

Table 7-4-12

Trends in Number of Variety Registrations

Table 7-4-13

Spread of Key Medical Equipment among General Hospitals

Table 7-4-14

Trends in the Mortality Rate of Major Adult Diseases

Table 7-4-15

Trends in the Five-Year Cancer Survival Rates at the National Cancer Center

Chapter 8 Public Opinion on Science and Technology

Table 8-1-1

Interest in Information about Science and Technology

Table 8-1-2

Interest in Information about Science and Technology ?by Age Group-

Table 8-1-3

Public Assessments of Progress of Science and Technology

Table 8-1-4

Improvements by Science and Technology Development

Table 8-1-5

Fields Where Development of Science and Technology Should Be Made

Table 8-1-6

Space and Oceanic Development

Table 8-2-1

Interest in Bioethical Issues

Table 8-2-2

Keen Interests in Bioethical Issues

Table 8-2-3

Interest in Clone

Table 8-2-4

Is it Desirable to Apply Cloning Technology to Humans

Table 8-2-5

Reasons for not Desirable to Apply Cloning Technology to Humans

Table 8-3-1

Use of Computers

Table 8-3-2

Use of Network

Table 8-3-3

Wish to Use Computer

Table 8-4-1

Interest in Global Environment Problems

Table 8-4-2

Public Application of Global Warming Factors

Table 8-4-3

Efforts to Preventing Global Warming

Chapter 9 Regional Science and Technology Activities

Table 9-1-1

Prefectural Population (October 1998)

Table 9-1-2

Number of Universities by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-1-3

Number of University Students (Undergraduate) by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-1-4

Number of Graduate School Students by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-1-5

Number of Technical College Students by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-1-6

Number of Museums by Prefecture (August 1996)

Table 9-1-7

Number of Public Libraries by Prefecture (August 1996)

Table 9-2-1

Number of Research Institutions in Private Companies by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-2-2

Number of National Experiment and Research Institutions and Researchers by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-2-3

Number of Public Experiment and Research Institutions by Prefecture (1997)

Table 9-2-4

Number of Researchers at Public Experiment and Research Institutions by Prefecture (1997)

Table 9-3-1

Development of a Framework for Comprehensive Implementation

Table 9-3-2

Expenditures on Science and Technology by Prefecture (1997)

Table 9-3-3

Expenditures on Science and Technology by Prefecture (1995)

Table 9-3-4

Expenditures on Science and Technology by Prefecture (1992)

Table 9-4-1

Number of Patent Applications by Prefecture (1996)

Table 9-5-1

Number of Venture Companies by Prefecture (1998)

Table 9-5-2

Number of New Public Companies by Prefecture (from 1993 to 1998)

Table 9-5-3

Gross Prefectural Product per Capita and per Capita Income by Prefecture (1996)

Table 9-6-1

Trends in Number of Payrolls by Prefecture Graphs of Number of Employees and ICRIS by Prefecture (Graph 9-6-8-1 to Graph 9-6-8-47)