Introduction
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
This report summarizes "NISTEP REPORT No. 21 Analysis of the Structure of Energy  
Consumption and the Dynamics of Emissions of Atmospheric Species Related to the 
GlobalEnvironmental Change ( SOx, NOx & CO２　) in Asia," with the following background,  
objectives, and the organizations to proceed with the research and studies. 

It is widely ackowledged with deep concern that an increase of the world population 
and an expansion of the sphere of human activities will affect our global environment.
The Asian region, accounting for about 60 percent of the world population, where an 
increase in population and energy consumption in accordance with an expansion of  
economic activities are expected, is regarded with anxiety as one of the  
regions which will have the fastest increase of loads on the global environment.  
This region has, however, been regarded as one of the most difficult areas in which 
tograsp the actual state because social and economic conditions differ widely between 
bycountries and economies such as in developing countries, NIEs, centrally-planned      
economies,etc. in addition to the geographically vast extent of the area. 

For this reason, in this report,the structures of energy consumption and the dynamics 
of emissions of atmospheric species which will affect the global environment ( SOx, 
NOx, and CO ２　 ). in the whole Asian region ( 25 countries ) east of Afghainistan 
and Pakistan will be reviewed geographically as a basic study for the global  
environmental changes resulting from the use of energy. in particular, this report    
aims to provide basic information in order to design environmental policies in        
developing countries. 

This report summarizes historical records from a study which covered historical       
records and future trends, though there are many assumptions in view of the 
limitations on the reliability of the available energy data and an accuracy of  
detailed data and information collected through our field surveys such as 
properties of fuels consumed, conditions of fuel combustion, etc. In this report, 
we try to contribute to the efforts to grasp more accurately future states of affair  
by describing these assumptions clearly.

The "Research Group on Energy Consumption in Asia and the Global Environment  
"( Est. March, 1991 ) and the "Sub-committee for Estimation of Emissions of 
Atmospheric Environment Pollutants Resulting from Energy Consumption in Asia  
"( Est. October, 1989 )" consist of many scholars and experts to whom we wish to
express appreciation for continuing useful advice and cooperation.  
we are also grateful to other individuals concerned with this study  and hope to
develop it with their continuing cooperation. 

Research Group on Energy Consumption in Asia and the Global Environment 
(Chairman)
Dr. Jumpei ANDO        Professor, Dean, Graduate School, Chuo University
Dr. Hajime AKIMOTO     Director, Atmospheric Environmental Division, the National 
                       Institute for Environmental Studies
Dr. Takeshi KAWAMURA   Professor of Climatiology and Atmospheric Environment, 
                       Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba 
Mr. Akira KINOSHITA    Director, Survey Division of Planning Department Electric 
Power                       Development CO., LTD.
Dr. Minoru KIRYU       Professor, Department of International Relations, College of 
                       International Studies, The University of Chubu 
Dr. Satohiko SASAKI    Professor of Silviculture, Faculty of Agriculture The  
                       University of Tokyo
Dr. Atsuyuki SUZUKI    Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering The University 
of                        Tokyo
Mr. Takao TOMITATE     Managing Director, The Institute of Energy Economics 
Mr. Kazuo HISHIDA      Director, HISHIDA Office for Planning Environment

Sub-Committee for Estimation of Emissions of Atmospheric Environment Pollutants 
Resulting  from Energy Consumption in Asia
(Chairman)
Dr. Jumpei ANDO        Professor, Dean, Graduate School, Chuo University
Dr. Hajime AKIMOTO     Director, Atmospheric Environmental Division, the National 
                       Institute for Environmental Studies
Mr. Akira KINOSHITA    Director, Survey Division of Planning Department Electric 
Power                       Development CO., LTD.
Mr. Kazuo HISHIDA      Director, HISHIDA Office for Planning Environment
Dr. Kazuo YANAGIHARA   Advisor, Japan Weather Association 
Mr. Takeshi IMAI       Senior Manager, Environmental Control Department Nippon Steel                         
Corporation

Mr. Masazumi TANAZAWA  Project General Manager Technical Administration Div. Toyota 
                       Motor Corporation
Mr. Shigeru TAMANUKI   Special Research Engineer Japan Electric Power Information 
                       Center 
Mr. Mikio HARIMA       Assistant Manager Presidential Administration Office 
Mitubishi                        Kakoki Kaisha, LTD.
Mr. Tatsuo HIRATANI    General Manager, International Affairs Industrial Pollution  
                       Control Association of Japan 
Mr. Hirohito NARITA    Engineering, Research & Planning Dept. SUURI-KEIKAKU Co., 
Ltd.,
(Deceased)
Mr. Masayuki SHIIBASHI Chief Engineering, Research & Planning Dept. SUURI-KEIKAKU 
Co.,　　　　　             Ltd. 

National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)
Dr. Kazuo YANAGIHARA   Visiting Researcher, NISTEP ; Advisor, Japan Weather 
                       Association
Mr. Yosiki OGAWA       Visiting Researcher, NISTEP ; Chief Economist, The Institute 
of                       Energy Economics, JAPAN  
　The 4th Policy-oriented Research Group of NISTEP
Mr. Tamotu SAKAMOTO    Director 
Mr. Susumu SAKAMOTO    The Formar Director  
Mr. Nobuo KATO         Senior Researcher  
Mr. Toshiya KOIKE      The Formar Research Associate  
Ms. Rika MAEKAWA

Moreover the following persons also contributed to the establishment of this research 
survey Former Director General Mr. Masahiro KAWASAKI and Former Director of 4th.
Policy-Oriented Research Group Mr. Tomoo AOYAGI