Acknowledgments This study was conducted under research co-operation with the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program of John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. We are indebted to Professor Lewis M. Branscomb, Professor Harvey Brooks, Professor Dorothy S. Zinberg, Dr. Gerald L. Epstein, and Joshua Lerner (now Assistant Professor at Harvard Business School) who gave us invaluable advice on this study. As for the implementation of this survey among the graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, we are also indebted to Dr. D. Eleanor Westney, Professor at the Sloan School of Management, and Robert K. Weatherall, Director of Career Services & Preprofessional Advising at MIT, who helped us revise our Japanese draft of the survey questionnaire to fit the experience of American engineers and arranged for the distribution of the finished questionnaire to MIT graduates. William J. Hecht, executive vice president of the MIT Alumni Association, kindly gave us permission to use the Association's mailing list. As for the implementation of the survey among the graduates of the University of Tokyo and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, the professors and graduates of those universities and the Japan Techno-Economics Society kindly helped us. We would like to convey our sincere appreciation to all of the above.